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Punctuation

Angle Brackets < ... > or Chevrons: Usage and Examples

Angle brackets are one of the less common punctuation marks with unique uses. This post about angle brackets covers their definition, differences from other brackets, historical background, significance, and the rules for using them. Understanding these sections will give you a clear view of how angle brackets are different from other punctuation marks and why they matter.

Angle Brackets < … >

When to Use Angle BracketsPin
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What Are Angle Brackets?

Angle brackets (also called chevrons by certain individuals) are a pair of punctuation marks ( < and > ) that are often considered a unique type of brackets of the same category as parentheses, square brackets, and even curly brackets with the main difference that they are less common by a large margin.

Even though in writing they are mostly ignored, they play a massive role in mathematics and computer science, since these often represent the less than or greater than operators.

How Are Angle Brackets Different from Other Brackets?

While other brackets are used to create emphasis on secondary ideas, angle brackets are known for being used in place of quotation marks, insert asides in the text, indicate speech in a foreign language as well as mentioning websites, but the problem is that none of these are defined as standards in formal or informal writing, meaning that the usage could differ depending on the author who relies on these rare resources.

History of Angle Brackets

Even though it has good usage in computer science, it is surprising to know that the history of angle brackets spans back to the ancient Greeks as the right-pointing angle bracket ( > ) was called a diple and was widely used as a method of drawing attention to specific lines of information, however, they were used in the margins of the text to become more visible to the human eye.

In the fifth century, the double set of diples ( >> ) started being used as a method of indicating quotations from other works, and from that point, it remained the same, at least for writing as later it would be used for important parts of web pages and mathematical operations in computer science.

Significance of Angle Brackets

In writing, they are used to insert asides, indicate speech or text in a foreign language, and even to mention websites as it was said before. On the other hand, in mathematics, they are used as less or more than operators, which are also key resources for logical operators in computer science.

Angle Brackets Rules

Using them is pretty simple, as they are considered an informal tool, so there are not too many rules to worry about. First of all, the text must be inside a double set of angle brackets such as << Text >> in order to be noticed by the human eye, also, it is of good practice the usage of bold text to notify that it is a special punctuation mark.

A crucial rule is the one that authors should state their usage of angle brackets somewhere before the main text beings, as other individuals might use them for different purposes, leading to confusing conclusions or improper understanding of the lecture, so always specify your reasoning behind the usage of this rare element.

Example sentences:

  • The author writes, “It was a beautiful day <the sun was shining and the birds were singing>.”
  • “I never expected <to see> such a magnificent view from the top of the mountain.”
  • In the sentence, “I have <3> pets,” the angle brackets indicate a numerical symbol.
  • “She was a <strong and determined> woman who never gave up on her dreams.”
  • “He was known for his <dry sense of humor> and quick wit.”

Conclusion

Angle brackets are an extremely rare element in modern writing, and the only reason why they should be used is because the author wants to add unique details to the reading, but it must be stated why they are used in the text in order to avoid any kind of confusion that could reduce the value of the content.

Learn more:

B1 Knowledge Check · 5 questions

Angle Brackets Practice Quiz (B1-B2)

1 / 5
Q1

Question 1: What type of punctuation marks are used in the following sentence? "The translation read <> in the original French."

Question 1 options
The symbols << and >> are angle brackets (also known as chevrons). They are a rare type of bracket used in writing to set off special text such as foreign language phrases.
Q2

Question 2: Which sentence correctly uses angle brackets to indicate a foreign language phrase?

Question 2 options
The correct use of angle brackets for foreign language text requires a double set of angle brackets << >> around the foreign phrase. Single angle brackets, mismatched brackets, or using them around English text are incorrect.
Q3

Question 3: In a short story, the narrator describes a character speaking Italian. Which option best completes the sentence? Maria turned and said, ___ with a bright smile.

Question 3 options
Using double angle brackets <> is the best way to indicate a foreign language phrase within English text. Single brackets, parentheses, or no markers are less clear for this purpose.
Q4

Question 4: You are writing a creative short story and want to show that a character is speaking Japanese. Which approach is most appropriate?

Question 4 options
When using angle brackets to indicate foreign language speech, the best practice is to explain the convention at the start and then use double angle brackets consistently throughout the text.
Q5

Question 5: Angle brackets are widely accepted as standard punctuation in formal English writing, just like parentheses and square brackets.

Question 5 options
This is false. Angle brackets are not considered standard in formal or informal English writing. Their usage can vary depending on the author, and they are far less common than other bracket types.

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