How to Use Capital Letters with Proper and Common Nouns • 7ESL

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When do you use capital letters? This reference covers essential rules about when to use capital letters, focusing on various nouns such as names, places, companies, books, movies, and months or days.

You might often find yourself wondering whether a word should be capitalized. This guide aims to help you understand which words need capital letters and which do not. Let’s dive into the rules and highlight examples to make these distinctions crystal clear.

What Is A Capital Letter?

Using Capital Letters with Proper & Common Nouns – Created by 7ESL

A capital letter is a letter at the start of the word that is written in an upper-case format, whereas the rest of the word is lower-case. For example, the Golden Gate Bridge has two capital letters ‘G’ and one capital letter ‘B’ in its name. It’s important to try and learn when capital letters should be used in a sentence to help with coherence and sense.

Nouns are usually always the words that come with capital letters, but not all nouns are built that way. In fact, most nouns are best left uncapitalized, like ‘mouth’ or ‘month’. So where do the capital letters come into it then? Why is ‘Bridge’ capitalized in ‘Golden Gate Bridge’ but ‘bridge’ itself doesn’t require a capital letter?

It can be confusing, we understand that! This is where proper nouns come into play. A proper noun is a noun that is used to identify one single entity, rather than a list of things. To help clear that up, here’s what it means.

‘A bridge’ is kept lower-case because it can refer to just about any bridge when it’s being talked about. It doesn’t matter which bridge, we’re just using it as an example.

‘The Golden Gate Bridge’ however is upper-case because it is referring to a very specific and distinctive landmark that can’t be anywhere else in the world. For this reason, the words actually form a proper noun together and that’s why they’re left capitalized.

We hope that this has cleared a few things up for you, though we’re still going to give you a quick list of all the proper nouns that we can think of to help you to remember. There is basically an infinite number of proper nouns out there that could be capitalized so there isn’t a chance (or even much point) of us covering them all for you here. We’ll do our best to cover a good range of them, which should be enough for you to understand what is expected of capitalization in the future.

What Nouns Are Capitalized?

Most proper nouns fall under the category of names, places, companies, books, movies, and months. Anything that needs to be named as a capital letter on it. Let’s take a look at some examples.

Names

Anthony
Aaron
Benjamin
Chris
Darryl
Edward
Fred
Ginny
Hayley
Kylie
Mario
Oscar
Pauline
Richard
Sierra
Tommy

Places

Andorra
Big Ben
Belgium
Cardiff
Delaware
Florida
Germany
London
Phoenix
Sweden

Companies

Amazon
Facebook
Google
Hershey’s
Hyundai
Mercedes
Twitter
Volkswagen

Books

Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets
Invisible Man
The Great Gatsby
The Lord of the Rings
To Kill a Mockingbird

Movies

Baywatch
Captain America
Dunkirk
Edge of Tomorrow
Jumanji
Love Actually

Months/Days

January
May
Monday
Thursday
Tuesday

As you can see, there are plenty of proper nouns available out there that demonstrate how capitalization should occur when they’re being talked about. There are very few words (if any) that break this rule. If the next time you’re writing out a sentence and you’re unsure as to whether or not you should be capitalizing this noun or not, think: if it’s referring to something specific, it most likely needs a capital letter. If it’s more general, it probably doesn’t.

There are a couple of exceptions to the rule of course. You’ll notice that in some of the books or movies in the list, certain words are kept lower-case. For example, the book ‘The Lord of the Rings’ has both ‘of’ and ‘the’ kept in lower-case in the middle of it, though it’s still a proper noun, so why isn’t it capitalized? The simple answer is that ‘of’ and ‘the’ aren’t important enough in the title to need to be left capitalized.