Communism vs. Fascism: What’s the Difference?

Have you ever wondered about the differences between the two big ideas of communism vs. fascism? They both played major roles in history and changed the world in significant ways.

The Difference between Communism and Fascism

Communism vs. Fascism: Key Takeaways

• Communism posits a classless society where the means of production are owned collectively, aiming for economic equality.
• Fascism emphasizes strong nationalistic sentiments with a hierarchical social structure led by a dictatorial figure.

Communism vs. Fascism: The Definition

What Does Communism Mean?

Communism is a socio-economic and political ideology based on the establishment of a classless, stateless society where the means of production are owned and controlled by the community as a whole. At its core, communism advocates for a society where resources are distributed based on need, rather than on the basis of individual wealth or ownership. The ultimate goal of communism is to create a system of equality and shared prosperity, aiming to eliminate social hierarchies and create a more equitable society.

In a communist system, private property is abolished, and the state is expected to wither away as the society transitions from a capitalist structure to a classless and stateless society. This transition is often envisioned as passing through a socialist stage, where the state temporarily holds ownership of the means of production on behalf of the people.

• Examples: The former Soviet Union and Maoist China aimed for communism, albeit their practices deviated significantly from Marxist theory.

What Does Fascism Mean?

Fascism is a political ideology and system of government characterized by authoritarianism, nationalism, and dictatorial power. It emerged in the early 20th century and gained prominence in countries such as Italy, Germany, and Spain during the interwar period. Fascist regimes are often associated with strong, centralized leadership, suppression of opposition, and the promotion of extreme nationalism.

At its core, fascism emphasizes the subordination of individual rights to the state and exalts the nation or race as a collective entity above all else. It often employs propaganda and rhetoric to cultivate a sense of unity and loyalty among the populace, while vilifying perceived enemies or scapegoats. Additionally, fascist governments tend to prioritize military strength and expansionist policies, seeking to assert dominance on the global stage.

• Examples: Benito Mussolini’s Italy and Adolf Hitler’s Germany exemplified fascism during the 20th century.

Communism vs. Fascism: Tips to Remember the Differences

• Ownership: Communism equals collective ownership; Fascism involves state control with an allowance for private property under state regulation.
• Politics: Communist states often claim to be working towards a future without state and political classes; Fascist regimes focus on the glorification and empowerment of the state and a single leader.
• Social Structure: Communism pushes for a classless system; Fascism upholds a strict social order.